Table 2 Univariate and multivariable meta-regression to find possible causes of heterogeneity among studies included in the meta-analysis
Type | Possible cause of heterogeneity | Univariate | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient (95%CI) | p-value | Coefficient (95%CI) | p-value | ||
Knowledge | Quality of study | -0.0308(-0.0878, 0.0261) | 0.285 | -0.0367(-0.0935, 0.0201) | 0.203 |
Population Type | -0.0297(-0.0549, -0.0045) | 0.021 | -0.0304(-0.0559, -0.0050) | 0.019 | |
Country | 0.0012(-0.0026, 0.0050) | 0.540 | 0.0018(-0.0021, 0.0057) | 0.362 | |
Year | -0.0058(-0.0247, 0.0131) | 0.545 | -0.0049(-0.0236, 0.0137) | 0.603 | |
Sample size | -0.0001(-0.0003, 0.00004) | 0.142 | -0.00013(-0.0003, 0.00006) | 0.173 | |
WHO region | -0.0265(-0.0666, 0.0136) | 0.195 | -0.0247(-0.0641, 0.0147) | 0.220 | |
Attitude | Quality of study | 0.0063(-0.0800, 0.0928) | 0.883 | -0.0198(-0.1101, 0.0705) | 0.661 |
Population Type | -0.0037(-0.0777, 0.0702) | 0.840 | 0.0074(-0.0319, 0.0468) | 0.705 | |
Country | 0.0019(-0.0089, 0.0128) | 0.722 | 0.0018(-0.0038, 0.0076) | 0.516 | |
Year | -0.0102(-0.0377, 0.0171) | 0.455 | -0.0110(-0.0415, 0.0193) | 0.466 | |
Sample size | -0.0003(-0.0005703, -0.0001) | 0.003 | -0.0003(-0.0006, − 0.000080) | 0.011 | |
WHO region | -0.0308(-0.0963, 0.0345) | 0.355 | -0.0137(-0.0866, 0.0590) | 0.705 | |
Practice | Quality of study | -0.1611(-0.2575, -0.0647) | 0.002 | -0.1841(-0.2691, -0.0990) | < 0.001 |
Population Type | -0.0191(-0.0599, 0.0216) | 0.357 | -0.0164(-0.0526, 0.0197) | 0.373 | |
Country | -0.0070(-0.0188, 0.0046) | 0.237 | -0.0108(-0.0198, -0.0017) | 0.020 | |
Year | -0.0463(-0.0846, -0.0080) | 0.018 | -0.0580(-0.0914, -0.0247) | 0.001 | |
Sample size | -0.0001(-0.0003, 0.0001) | 0.379 | 0.00006(-0.00014, 0.00027) | 0.569 | |
WHO region | 0.0575(-0.0074, 0.1224) | 0.083 | 0.0535(-0.00163, 0.1088) | 0.057 | |