Table 2 Impact on CLABSI rates, process outcomes and user satisfaction with the digitalised intervention

Engel et al.,2023

22.8% decrease on CLABSI rate (from 0.70 to 0.54 CLABSI per 1000 central line days, p = 0.15)

CHG bathing documentation compliance increase from 77–94.1% from baseline to the intervention period

Over 60 nurses:

85% of satisfaction with the e-learning module; 62% with the EHR worklist task; 85% found the initiative valuable and 78% sustainable

Hugo et al., 2022

42% decrease on CLABSI SIR* (from 0.96 (at the highest point in pre-intervention) to 0.53 (at the last time point post-intervention) CLABSI per 1000 central line days, no statistical test performed to compare the two periods).

Initial decreased compliance to the maintenance bundle from 86.9 to 40.8% in the 1st month then return to baseline rate progressively during the intervention period.

Doubling in numbers of rounds performed during the intervention period.

-Reluctance of the nurses in the beginning (qualitative analysis)

-Increase in workload in the beginning for the influencers (qualitative analysis)

Chemparathy et al.,2021

21% decrease on CLABSI rate

(from 0.82 to 0.6 CLABSI per 1000 central line days, p = 0.001) (statistical method used for comparison not specified)

Average all-element bundle adherence increased from 25–44% from baseline to intervention period. Highest in NICU (64%), PICU and cardiovascular ICU

NICU, haematology oncology and stem cell transplant units tend to use less frequently because they prefer their own bundle rounds system (real-time follow up and coaching instead of automated process)

Orwoll et al., 2018

48% decrease in CLABSI rate in the intervention group during the study period compared to baseline (from 3.36 to 1.72 CLABSI per 1000 central line days (p = 0.03) versus an increase in the control group (from 0.79 to 1.65 CLABSI per 1000 central line days (p = 0.09)).

-Each bundle prevention element had high (> 95%) reported compliance except for

patient bathing at 85% (575/673).

- Comparing preceding year to study period, intervention group compliance by individual core element ranged from 97.3–100%, with 3 elements scoring slightly lower during the study period than during the preceding year

-Overall compliance rates were slightly lower in the intervention group (94%) than the control group (98%)

Not assessed

Pageler et al., 2014

73% decrease on CLABSI rate (from 2.6 to 0.7 CLABSI per 1000 central line days, p = 0.029)

-Increased compliance for line daily review and documentation of line necessity, frequency of dressing, cap and port needles changes.

-Decreased compliance with insertion bundle documentation

Not assessed

Bae et al., 2022

61% decrease on CLABSI rate (from 3.1 to 1.2 per 1000 CVC days, p = 0.047)

Reduction of catheter days from 956 vs. 819 (p > 0.001) and short-term CVC per patient from 7.53 vs. 6.74 (p < 0.001)

Not assessed