Fig. 8

Differential reduction of formed biofilm by different addition sequences and time intervals of ΦK2046 and CHC. (A–B) Crystalline violet staining results (the time interval between sequential phage/CHC additions: Figure A of 10 min, Figure B of 90 min); the top measurement is a field photo of the biofilm after staining with crystal violet, and the bottom side is the statistical result of the absorbance value at an OD₅₉₅ nm;(C–D) Results of viable bacteria counts in biofilms (the time interval between sequential phage/CHC additions: Figure C of 10 min, Figure D of 90 min). PFU, plaque forming unit; CFU, colony-forming unit; CHC, Chlorhexidine acetate; MIC, Minimum inhibitory concentration; “ΦK2046 first”, phage ΦK2046 is used first, followed by the disinfectant CHC; “CHC first”, CHC is used first, followed by phage ΦK2046, P > 0.05 (ns), P < 0.05 (*), P < 0.01 (**), P < 0.001 (***), P < 0.0001 (****)