Fig. 3

Geographic distribution of the reviewed articles (n = 50) reporting outbreaks and case reports of bacterial and fungal contamination of intravenous fluids and medicines in healthcare facilities in low- and middle-income countries (lower- and upper middle-income countries) according to the UN Geoscheme [18] and by the World Bank Classification by income level at the year of publication [11]. Numbers represent the number of reviewed articles. In South Africa, 2 articles [16, 17] were published before it shifted from the lower middle-income category to the upper middle-income category