Table 2 Results from IPCAF core component 3 (IPC education and training) and 5 (multimodal strategies)

CC3, Question 1

Are there personnel with IPC expertise (in IPC and/or infectious diseases) to lead IPC training?

No

Yes

CC3, Question 2

Are there additional non-IPC personnel with adequate skills to serve as trainers and mentors (for example, link nurses or doctors, champions)?

No

Yes

CC3, Question 3

How frequently do health care workers receive training regarding IPC in your facility?

Never or rarely

New employee orientation only for health care workers

New employee orientation and regular (at least annually) IPC training for health care workers offered but not mandatory

New employee orientation and regular (at least annually) mandatory IPC training for all health care workers

CC3, Question 4

How frequently do cleaners and other personnel directly involved in patient care receive training regarding IPC in your facility?

Never or rarely

New employee orientation only for other personnel

New employee orientation and regular (at least annually) training for other personnel offered but not mandatory

New employee orientation and regular (at least annually) mandatory IPC training for other personnel

CC3, Question 5

Does administrative and managerial staff receive general training regarding IPC in your facility?

No

Yes

CC3, Question 6

How are health care workers and other personnel trained?

No training available

Using written information and/or oral instruction and/or e-learning only

Includes additional interactive training sessions (for example, simulation and/or bedside training)

CC3, Question 7

Are there periodic evaluations of the effectiveness of training programs (for example, hand hygiene audits, other checks on knowledge)?

No

Yes, but not regularly

Yes, regularly (at least annually)

CC3, Question 8

Is IPC training integrated in the clinical practice and training of other specialties (for example, training of surgeons involves aspects of IPC)?

No

Yes, in some disciplines

Yes, in all disciplines

CC3, Question 9

Is there specific IPC training for patients or family members to minimize the potential for health care-associated infections (for example, immunosuppressed patients, patients with invasive devices, patients with multidrug-resistant infections)?

No

Yes

CC3, Question 10

Is ongoing development/education offered for IPC staff (for example, by regularly attending conferences, courses)?

No

Yes

CC5, Question 1

Do you use multimodal strategies to implement IPC interventions?

No

Yes

CC5, Question 2

Do your multimodal strategies include any or all of the following elements:

- System change

Element not included in multimodal strategies

Interventions to ensure the necessary infrastructure and continuous availability of supplies are in place

Interventions to ensure the necessary infrastructure and continuous availability of supplies are in place and addressing ergonomics and accessibility, such as the best placement of central venous catheter set and tray

- Education and training

Element not included in multimodal strategies

Written information and/or oral instruction and/or e-learning only

Additional interactive training sessions (includes simulation and/or bedside training)

- Monitoring and feedback

Element not included in multimodal strategies

Monitoring compliance with process or outcome indicators (for example, audits of hand hygiene or catheter practices)

Monitoring compliance and providing timely feedback of monitoring results to health care workers and key players

- Communications and reminders

Element not included in multimodal strategies

Reminders, posters, or other advocacy/awareness-raising tools to promote the intervention

Additional methods/initiatives to improve team communication across units and disciplines (for example, by establishing regular case conferences and feedback rounds)

- Safety climate and culture change

Element not included in multimodal strategies

Managers/leaders show visible support and act as champions and role models, promoting an adaptive approach and strengthening a culture that supports IPC, patient safety and quality

Additionally, teams and individuals are empowered so that they perceive ownership of the intervention (for example, by participatory feedback rounds)

CC5, Question 3

Is a multidisciplinary team used to implement IPC multimodal strategies?

No

Yes

CC5, Question 4

Do you regularly link to colleagues from quality improvement and patient safety to develop and promote IPC multimodal strategies?

No

Yes

CC5, Question 5

Do these strategies include bundles or checklists?

No

Yes