Table 2 Results of univariable analysis: admissions (N = 27,710) with positive clinical sample with Gram negative-pathogen during the first 48 h from admission stratified by “presence of PAE” or not
From: Risk factors for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical samples upon hospital admission
Parameter | P. aeruginosa | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
no | yes | % with P. aeruginosa | ||
Total number (%)/median (IQR) | Total number (%)/median (IQR) | |||
Admissions | 23,946 (100%) | 3764 (100%) | 13.6% | |
Year 2015 | 2974 (12.4%) | 439 (11.7%) | 12.9% | 0.534 |
Year 2016 | 3603 (15%) | 569 (15.1%) | 13.6% | |
Year 2017 | 3618 (15.1%) | 552 (14.7%) | 13.2% | |
Year 2018 | 4382 (18.3%) | 729 (19.4%) | 14.3% | |
Year 2019 | 4795 (20%) | 747 (19.8%) | 13.5% | |
Year 2020 | 4574 (19.1%) | 728 (19.3%) | 13.7% | |
Length of Stay | 7 (4–14) | 9 (5–16) | < 0.001 | |
Age | 68 (54–77) | 64 (47–76) | < 0.001 | |
Gender male | 12,919 (54%) | 1503 (39.9%) | 10.4% | < 0.001 |
Gender female | 11,027 (46%) | 2261 (60.1%) | 17.0% | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Charlson Comorbidity Score | 5 (2–8) | 4 (2–7) | < 0.001 | |
Myocardial infarction | 517 (2.2%) | 41 (1.1%) | 7.3% | < 0.001 |
Chronic heart failure | 3579 (14.9%) | 402 (10.7%) | 10.1% | < 0.001 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1906 (8%) | 205 (5.4%) | 9.7% | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2145 (9%) | 410 (10.9%) | 16.0% | < 0.001 |
Dementia | 1315 (5.5%) | 123 (3.3%) | 8.6% | < 0.001 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 3652 (15.3%) | 1921 (51%) | 34.5% | < 0.001 |
Rheumatic disease | 968 (4%) | 88 (2.3%) | 8.3% | < 0.001 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 311 (1.3%) | 46 (1.2%) | 12.9% | 0.698 |
Mild liver disease | 1274 (5.3%) | 349 (9.3%) | 21.5% | < 0.001 |
Diabetes without chronic complications | 4254 (17.8%) | 516 (13.7%) | 10.8% | < 0.001 |
Diabetes with chronic complications | 1131 (4.7%) | 109 (2.9%) | 8.8% | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 9290 (38.8%) | 1043 (27.7%) | 10.1% | < 0.001 |
Malignant tumor | 4425 (18.5%) | 486 (12.9%) | 9.9% | < 0.001 |
Moderate to severe liver disease | 722 (3%) | 112 (3%) | 13.4% | 0.895 |
Metastasized solid tumor | 2767 (11.6%) | 265 (7%) | 8.7% | < 0.001 |
AIDS HIV | 104 (0.4%) | 12 (0.3%) | 10.3% | 0.308 |
Hemiplegia | 1812 (7.6%) | 605 (16.1%) | 25.0% | < 0.001 |
Leukaemia | 389 (1.6%) | 64 (1.7%) | 14.1% | 0.733 |
Lymphoma | 863 (3.6%) | 70 (1.9%) | 7.5% | < 0.001 |
Type of Unit | ||||
Intensive care unit (ICU) | 4064 (17%) | 820 (21.8%) | 16.8% | < 0.001 |
Regular ward (RW) & intermediate care unit (IMC) | 19,882 (83%) | 2944 (78.2%) | 12.9% | < 0.001 |
Interdisciplinary | 4382 (18.3%) | 369 (9.8%) | 7.8% | < 0.001 |
Neurology / Neurosurgery | 1387 (5.8%) | 219 (5.8%) | 13.6% | 0.949 |
Visceral surgery | 2353 (9.8%) | 247 (6.6%) | 9.5% | < 0.001 |
Internal medicine | 4629 (19.3%) | 628 (16.7%) | 11.9% | < 0.001 |
Nephrology | 2901 (12.1%) | 325 (8.6%) | 10.1% | < 0.001 |
Paediatrics | 801 (3.3%) | 87 (2.3%) | 9.8% | < 0.001 |
Oncology | 1677 (7%) | 231 (6.1%) | 12.1% | 0.051 |
Obstetrics & Gynaecology | 1187 (5%) | 51 (1.4%) | 4.1% | < 0.001 |
Urology | 1536 (6.4%) | 134 (3.6%) | 8.0% | < 0.001 |
Cardiology / Visceral surgery | 2645 (11%) | 231 (6.1%) | 8.0% | < 0.001 |
Cystic fibrosis | 90 (0.4%) | 904 (24%) | 90.9% | < 0.001 |
Infectious Diseases | 1483 (6.2%) | 237 (6.3%) | 13.8% | 0.807 |
Anaesthesiology | 1257 (5.2%) | 224 (6%) | 15.1% | 0.075 |
other | 8231 (34.4%) | 1135 (30.2%) | 12.1% | < 0.001 |
Type of clinical material | ||||
Respiratory tract | 1839 (7.7%) | 1416 (37.6%) | 43.5% | < 0.001 |
Blood culture | 2936 (12.3%) | 176 (4.7%) | 5.7% | < 0.001 |
Urine | 12,855 (53.7%) | 910 (24.2%) | 6.6% | < 0.001 |
Skeletal | 216 (0.9%) | 17 (0.5%) | 7.3% | 0.005 |
Gastro intestinal tract | 1142 (4.8%) | 104 (2.8%) | 8.3% | < 0.001 |
Central nervous system; otorhinolaryngology | 358 (1.5%) | 38 (1%) | 9.6% | 0.020 |
other | 4600 (19.2%) | 1103 (29.3%) | 19.3% | < 0.001 |
Infection & MDRGN colonization | ||||
Previous invasive P. aeruginosa | 319 (1.3%) | 752 (20%) | 70.2% | < 0.001 |
Colonization MDR P. aeruginosa | 51 (0.2%) | 579 (15.4%) | 91.9% | < 0.001 |
Colonization MDR E. coli | 1541 (6.4%) | 121 (3.2%) | 7.3% | < 0.001 |
Colonization MDR Klebsiella spp. | 500 (2.1%) | 99 (2.6%) | 16.5% | 0.033 |
Colonization MDR Enterobacter spp. | 81 (0.3%) | 9 (0.2%) | 10.0% | 0.320 |
Colonization other MDRGN | 110 (0.5%) | 32 (0.9%) | 22.5% | 0.002 |