Table 4 Key infection control gaps and opportunities for improvement in the NICU

Mothers and Attendants

60% had access to functional handwashing stations; 50% could wash clothes; 70% received training.

Limited hygiene facilities; gaps in compliance with hand hygiene practices.

Enhance access to hygiene facilities; provide regular, comprehensive training.

Usage of Space

40% of incubators shared by two or more infants due to overcrowding.

Increased cross-infection risks from shared equipment and spaces.

Expand NICU capacity; ensure single-use incubators or strict cleaning protocols.

Infection Control Staff and IPC Committee

Two IPC staff with basic training; committee members have periodic IPC training but non-dedicated roles.

Inconsistent protocol implementation due to shared responsibilities.

Assign full-time IPC roles; provide advanced, NICU-specific IPC training.

Management of Expressed Breastmilk and Infant Feeds

55% of mothers had access to refrigeration; contamination risks observed during milk handling.

Limited storage facilities; inconsistent hygiene practices during milk handling.

Improve access to refrigeration; standardize milk expression and storage protocols.