Table 3 Characteristics of selected N. glabratus isolates after in vitro long-term exposure to chlorhexidine (CHX) and triclosan (TRC) including molecular resistance mechanism as determined by whole genome sequencing and changes in MIC values (mg/L) for FLC (fluconazole), PSZ (posaconazole), VCZ (voriconazole), ITR (itraconazole), ISA (isavuconazole), CHX (chlorhexidine), TRC (triclosan) and OCT (octenidine). Overexpression of CDR1 is given as fold increase compared to the corresponding wild-type isolate. The corresponding wild-type (WT) isolates and the initial MIC values are highlighted in bold

45 H-WT

4

1

0.125

1

≤ 0.016

0.5

45 H-D6

TRC

256

> 32

4

> 16

4

0.5

PDR1

D261Y

drug efflux pumps

55 H-WT

4

0.5

0.125

0.125

≤ 0.016

0.5

55 H-F1

CHX

> 256

4

1

2

1

1

PMA1

V594F

drug efflux pumps/ intracellular acidification

76 H-WT

4

0.5

0.25

0.5

≤ 0.016

0.25

76 H-F4

CHX

64

> 32

> 16

2

0.5

0.5

PMA1/ATP1

L347S/D332G

drug efflux pumps/ intracellular acidification

105 H-WT

4

0.5

0.25

0.5

≤ 0.016

0.5

105 H-E5

CHX

256

16

8

> 16

8

0.5

PMA1

T215I

drug efflux pumps/ intracellular acidification

1098 H-WT

2

0.5

0.5

0.125

≤ 0.016

0.5

1098 H-D7

CHX

64

2

2

2

2

0.25

PMA1

A812V

drug efflux pumps/ intracellular acidification

CBS138-WT

4

0.25

0.064

0.25

0.064

0.5

CBS138-A5

CHX

> 256

> 32

8

> 16

4

0.5

PMA1

A395V

intracellular acidification

CBS138-E12

CHX

64

2

0.5

1

0.5

0.5

PMA1

D407G

intracellular acidification

CBS138-A7

TRC

256

16

8

> 16

4

0.5

PDR1

G1088E

drug efflux pumps

CBS138-B4

TRC

256

4

8

> 16

4

0.5

PDR1

G943A

drug efflux pumps

CBS138-C7

TRC

128

4

4

4

4

0.5

PDR1

L936S

drug efflux pumps

CBS138-E5

TRC

128

4

4

2

4

0.5

PDR1

C469R

drug efflux pumps

CBS138-G10

TRC

128

4

2

4

2

0.5

PMA1

A395V

intracellular acidification