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Table 7 Antibiotic susceptibility profile of non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria isolated from water and soap samples of mobile handwashing stations (mHWS) with growth of Gram-negative bacteria

From: Bacterial contamination of mobile handwashing stations in hospital settings in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Antibiotics

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

(n = 74)

Pseudomonas spp.

(n = 49)

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

(n = 19)

Comamonas spp.

(n = 20)

Acinetobacter group 1a

(n = 14)

Burkholderia cepacia complex (n = 7)

Acinetobacter group 2b

(n = 7)

Alcaligenes faecalis

(n = 7)

Elizabethkingia meningoseptica

(n = 1)

Ceftriaxone

    

14

 

2

  

Ceftazidime

4

5

 

3

1

–

1

 

1

Piperacillin + tazobactam

2

4

 

2

2

 

1

–

1

Gentamicin

3

4

 

10

1

 

1

 

–

Amikacin

1

1

 

8

1

 

–

 

–

TMP/SMX

  

5

 

2

–

3

–

 

Ciprofloxacin

3

7

 

18

2

 

1

 

–

Minocycline

  

1

  

–

   

Meropenem

2

3c

 

–

1d

–

1e

–

–

MDR

1

1

–

2

1

–

1

–

–

WHO priority pathogens

2

–

–

–

1

–

–

–

–

  1. Data were available for 198/227 isolates from 140 mHWS. For 22 isolates, no CLSI guidelines for antibiotic susceptibility testing were available (Brevundimonas vesicularis, Chromobacterium violaceum, Cupriavidus spp., Delftia acidovorans, Herbaspirillum huttiense, Ochrobactrum spp., Ralstonia pickettii, Rhizobium radiobacter, Shewanella xiamenensis); 4 isolates were not identifiable to the species level, and another 3 isolates did not grow upon retrieval. Data in the cells represent the numbers of isolates which were intermediate susceptible or resistant to the corresponding antibiotics. Bacterial species were grouped according to EUCAST expected antimicrobial resistance phenotypes (EUCAST2023). A grey box indicates that the antibiotic was not listed for testing by the CLSI guidelines. Abbreviations: TMP/SMX = trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole, MDR = multidrug resistant. Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 2) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 1) displaying carbapenem resistance listed as “critical group” respectively “high priority” among the WHO List of Priority Pathogens, i.e., bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development, and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance (reference 33)
  2. aAcinetobacter group1 contains Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 7), A. baumannii complex (n = 1), A. nosocomialis (n = 5), and A. pittii (n = 1)
  3. bAcinetobacter group2 contains Acinetobacter modestus (n = 1), A. junii (n = 2), A. bereziniae, A. seifertii, A. schindleri, and A. johnsonii (n = 1 each)
  4. cMeropenem resistant species were Pseudomonas otitidis (n = 2 out of 3), and Pseudomonas putida (n = 1 out of 3)
  5. dMeropenem resistant species = Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 1 out of 7)
  6. eMeropenem resistant species = Acinetobacter bereziniae (n = 1 out of 1)
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

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