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Table 5 Bacterial species of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from highly contaminated liquid and bar soap samples (n = 30 and 2 respectively) of mobile handwashing stations (mHWS, n = 32)

From: Bacterial contamination of mobile handwashing stations in hospital settings in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Bacterial species

Numbers of mHWS with soap samples affected

Enterobacterales (n = 30)

Pluralibacter gergoviae

13

Klebsiella pneumoniae*

8

Enterobacter cloacae complex + E. cloacae*

1 + 1

Serratia rubidaea + S. marcescens*

2 + 1

Citrobacter freundii

1

Citrobacter koseri

2

No species identification

1

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 11)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa*

11

Non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 4)

Pseudomonas stutzeri

1

Pseudomonas sp.

1

Alcaligenes faecalis*

2

Total

45

  1. The total number of isolates (n = 45) exceeds the number of soap samples (n = 32) as several samples contained more than one species. Bacterial species indicated with “*” are listed as Opportunistic Pathogens of Premise Plumbing (n = 23) (reference 34)