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Table 1 Hospital areas of the sampled mobile handwashing stations (mHWS) matched with end-user groups, for 281/300 mHWS for which complete data were available

From: Bacterial contamination of mobile handwashing stations in hospital settings in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

End-users

Hospital areas

Administrative & support areas

Public areas

General patient areas

Specialized patient areas

Other patient-related services

Total

Non-clinical staff

8

8 (2.9%)

Visitors only

3

1

6

1

11 (3.9%)

Healthcare workers only

14

1

21

42

8

86 (30.6%)

Patients and healthcare workers

22

12

4

38 (13.5%)

Patients, visitors, and caretakers*

1

4

9

3

17 (6.1%)

Visitors and healthcare workers*

13

4

12

4

5

38 (13.5%)

Patients, healthcare workers, visitors, and caretakers*

1

11

57

8

6

83 (29.5%)

Total (% of total mHWS)

40 (14.2%)

21 (7.5%)

127 (45.2%)

70 (24.9%)

23 (8.2%)

281 (100%)

*Mixed users (% per hospital area)

15 (37.5%)

19 (90.5%)

78 (61.4%)

15 (21.4%)

11 (47.8%)

138 (49.1%)

  1. Administrative and support areas: offices, maintenance service, meeting room
  2. Public areas: entrance, hallway, restaurant, toilet
  3. General patient areas: waiting areas, consultations, minor procedural areas, COVID-19 treatment center, maternity, adult hospitalization
  4. Specialized patient areas: operating room, intensive care unit, emergency ward, labor and delivery wards, neonatology unit, medication preparation areas
  5. Other patient-related areas: laboratory, radiology, kinesitherapy, central sterilization unit, morgue
  6. Data in cells represent the numbers of mHWS. Mixed users of mHWS (indicated with “*”) refers to mHWS that were used by community-based persons (visitors and caretakers) as well as by healthcare workers and/or patients. Patient areas (general versus specialized) were defined according to reference 28, for details see footnote