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Table 2 Summary of studies on appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing (according to reference guidelines)

From: Improving antibiotic utilization in West Africa: enhancing interventions through systematic review and evidence synthesis

Publication

Duration/ period of study

Location

Health care level

Study population

No. of prescriptions

Appropriate (%)

Reference guidelines

No contra-indication/ allergy label

Indication

Drug choice

Dose

Dosing frequency

Duration

Administration route

Overall appropriate use

Enriquez et al. [56]

November to December 2017

Liberia

Patients undergoing a surgical procedure

143

20.3%

CDC wound guidelines

BSumaila and Tabong. [80]

1st of January, 2009 and 31st December, 2014

Ghana

Secondary

Outpatient children with URTIs on antibiotics

237

93.0%

95.6%

96.7

STG and GNDP

Ankrah et al. [46]

19–21 June 2019

Ghana

Tertiary

Patients on any antibiotics admitted before 8am in all wards on the survey day

967

89.0%

GNDP and KBTHDOG

Sefah, Sneddon et al. [76]

January to December 2020

Ghana

Secondary

Dental care patients

1269

87.5%

STG

Sefah, Denoo et al. [75]

January to May 2021

Ghana

Tertiary

patients undergoing surgery; Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis

597

67.0%

8.7%

2.5%

STG

Hope et al. [57]

1 January to 31 December 2021

Ghana

 

Patients with acute conjunctivitis

111

71.2%

STG

Aboderin et al. [34]

10–27 June 2019

Nigeria

Mixed; Tertiary and secondary

in-patients including neonates

321

39.4%

Unspecified guidline

Agyare et al. [42]

10th and 17th of December 2019

Ghana

Tertiary

in-patients

82

25%

Unspecified guidline

Kamara et al. [58]

July -August 2021

Sierra leone

Mixed; Tertiary, secondary

Acute healthcare hospitals and inpatient

883

29%

National treatment guideline

Afriyie et al. [41]

January to June 2015

Ghana

Out- and in-patient with prescribed ceftriaxone injections

251

100%

86.9%

-

100%

100%

85.7%

93.0

STG

  1. STGs, The standard treatment guidelines of Ghana; GNDP, Ghana national dug program guideline; KBTHDOG, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Guideline
  2. BWas not added in computing the pooled appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing as its overall appropriateness was unavailable. The events used for the meta-analysis were derived from computing it using the overall appropriate use and no of prescriptions