Skip to main content

Table 5 Risk factors for resistance of E. coli in urine and MRSA in blood or soft tissue

From: Temporal trends in antimicrobial resistance of medically important pathogens on Curaçao

Model

Age

Female gender

Hospitalized versus GP

Outpatient versus GP

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

1.004 (1.002–1.007)**

0.720 (0.630–0.823)***

1.072 (0.932–1.233)

1.289 (1.086–1.529)**

Piperacillin/tazobactam

1.005 (1.000–1.011)

0.688 (0.536–0.887)**

1.366 (1.036–1.810)*

0.988 (0.686–1.410)

Cefuroxime

1.008 (1.004–1.012)***

0.544 (0.455–0.649)***

1.355 (1.107–1.662)**

1.437 (1.129–1.827)**

Ceftriaxone

1.008 (1.003–1.013)**

0.418 (0.335–0.522)***

1.648 (1.266–2.159)***

1.768 (1.299–2.407)***

Ceftazidime

1.007 (1.001–1.012)*

0.424 (0.338–0.531)***

1.676 (1.281–2.210)***

1.673 (1.216–2.302)**

Gentamicin

1.005 (1.001–1.010)*

0.774 (0.637–0.942)*

1.022 (0.822–1.273)

1.593 (1.247–2.032)***

Trimethoprim

1.000 (0.997–1.003)

0.761 (0.661–0.876)***

1.154 (0.994–1.341)

1.507 (1.260–1.802)***

Cotrimoxazole

1.000 (0.997–1.003)

0.737 (0.640–0.849)***

1.126 (0.967–1.312)

1.504 (1.256–1.801)***

Ciprofloxacin

1.013 (1.010–1.017)***

0.513 (0.444–0.594)***

0.921 (0.783–1.084)

1.539 (1.276–1.857)***

Nitrofurantoin

1.015 (1.005–1.027)**

1.213 (0.737–2.082)

1.343 (0.794–2.316)

2.408 (1.361–4.287)**

Fosfomycin

1.011 (1.000–1.023)

0.867 (0.533–1.432)

1.166 (0.675–2.050)

1.411 (0.740–2.655)

MDOT

1.011 (1.006–1.017)***

0.436 (0.354–0.536)***

1.014 (0.793–1.300)

1.893 (1.453–2.469)***

Amoxicillin/clav. acid gentamicin

1.014 (1.006–1.023)***

0.407 (0.295–0.559)***

1.299 (0.882–1.937)

2.196 (1.452–3.348)***

Cefuroxime + gentamicin

1.006 (1.001–1.010)*

0.737 (0.602–0.904)**

1.041 (0.829–1.310)

1.556 (1.204–2.009)***

MRSA blood

0.986 (0.972–0.999)*

0.930 (0.502–1.695)

NA

NA

MRSA soft tissue

0.997 (0.990–1.003)

0.952 (0.713–1.269)

0.600 (0.409–0.890)**

0.762 (0.497–1.176)

  1. Each row shows a separate multivariable logistic regression model showing risk factors for resistance in E. coli in urine for the indicated antibiotic (unless otherwise indicated). Odds ratios with 95% CI intervals are shown
  2. GP, general practitioner; MDOT, multidrug resistance to oral therapy; defined as resistance to all of the following oral agents: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (according to breakpoint for indications other than uncomplicated urinary tract infection), ciprofloxacin, and co-trimoxazole. MRSA = methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  3. P-values are shown as follows: ***: p-value < 0.001, **: p-value < 0.01, *: p-value < 0.05