Oral vancomycin use and incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci: time-series analysis

Table 1 Trends of monthly antibiotic usage and VRE incidence during 2013 − 2022

	Monthly average	Range	Trend	Coefficient	P-value
Type of antibiotic
Oral vancomycin	4.68	1.45–9.59	Upward	0.0013	< 0.0001
IV vancomycin	35.13	23.10–49.69	Downward	-0.0052	< 0.0001
Teicoplanin	18.24	9.74–27.24	Upward	0.0032	< 0.0001
Metronidazole	52.63	15.74–67.67	Downward	-0.0061	< 0.0001
Fluoroquinolones	59.61	50.46–79.06	Downward	-0.0014	0.0015
Cefazolin	50.89	21.12–96.73	Upward	0.0165	< 0.0001
Cefoxitin	14.41	1.26–33.72	Upward	0.0087	< 0.0001
Cefuroxime	12.17	1.83–28.46	Downward	-0.0061	< 0.0001
Broad-spectrum cephalosporins	153.12	88.76–166.03	Downward	-0.0029	0.0009
Carbapenems	63.69	44.02–89.74	Downward	-0.0055	< 0.0001
Piperacillin-tazobactam	76.85	58.74–102.65	Upward	0.0090	< 0.0001
Ampicillin-sulbactam	25.03	18.67–33.01	Upward	0.0013	< 0.0001
Tigecycline	7.19	3.01–12.58	Downward	-0.0009	< 0.0001
Linezolid	6.25	3.12–10.33	No	-0.0002	0.2066
Aminoglycosides	13.25	8.91–18.96	No	-0.0003	0.1666
Co-trimoxazole	6.78	2.58–12.44	Upward	0.0016	< 0.0001
Colistin	6.53	2.84–11.90	Downward	-0.0008	< 0.0001
VRE incidence
Hospital-acquired VRE incidence	0.56	0.24–0.99	Upward	0.00003	< 0.0001
Baseline VRE carriage rate	0.01	0.00–0.19	Upward	0.00003	< 0.0001

The antibiotic usage is expressed in days of therapy (DOT) per 1000 patient-days, and VRE incidence is expressed in number of isolates per 1000 patient-days. The coefficients and P-values were estimated from simple linear regression analysis

ISSN: 2047-2994