Fig. 7

Temporal trends in the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Each solid dot represents the pooled prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae for the periods 2010–2015, 2016–2020, and 2021–2024, with vertical error bars indicating the 95% confidence intervals. The analysis shows a consistent prevalence rate from 2010 to 2024, with a slight, statistically non-significant increase after 2021 (P = 0.81)