Fig. 3

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of bacterial biofilms and antimicrobial film formed on interior surfaces of the intravesical slices of catheters. A-D: In the placebo group, from day 5, a layer of bacterial biofilm formed (indicated by arrowheads) and a large number of bacillus grew in the bacterial biofilm. E-H: The antimicrobial film formed in all JUC groups (indicated by asterisks), yet no bacterial biofilm formed, only very few bacterial debris was seen on day 7 and day 10 (indicated by triangles). Scale bars = 10 μm