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Table 4 Workload reduction, specificity (Spec), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for 24 algorithms with 90.3% sensitivity for the primary endpoint (all SSI types: superficial, deep, organ/space)

From: Surgical site infection surveillance in knee and hip arthroplasty: optimizing an algorithm to detect high-risk patients based on electronic health records

Workload

reduction (%)

Spec (95% CI)

PPV (95% CI)

NPV (95% CI)

Variables included in the algorithm

Positive culture

≥ 3 microbiological requests

ATB ≥ 7 days

LOS ≥ 14 days

Orthopaedics readmission

Orthopaedics re-intervention

Emergency department

67.7*

70.0 (67.8–72.2)

10.6 (9.1–12.1)

99.5 (99.1–99.8)

 

x

 

x

  

x

67.7

70.0 (67.8–72.2)

10.6 (9.1–12.1)

99.5 (99.1–99.8)

x

 

x

x

  

x

67.4

69.7 (67.4–71.9)

10.5 (9.0–12.0)

99.5 (99.1–99.8)

x

x

 

x

  

x

67.4

69.7 (67.4–71.9)

10.5 (9.0–12.0)

99.5 (99.1–99.8)

 

x

x

x

  

x

67.1

69.4 (67.2–71.6)

10.5 (9.0–11.9)

99.5 (99.1–99.8)

x

x

x

x

  

x

66.9

69.2 (66.9–71.4)

10.4 (8.9–11.9)

99.5 (99.1–99.8)

  

x

x

 

x

x

66.6

68.8 (66.6–71.1)

10.3 (8.8–11.8)

99.5 (99.1–99.8)

x

 

x

x

 

x

x

66.5

68.8 (66.5–71.0)

10.3 (8.8–11.7)

99.5 (99.1–99.8)

 

x

 

x

 

x

x

66.3

68.5 (66.3–70.8)

10.2 (8.7–11.7)

99.4 (99.1–99.8)

x

x

 

x

 

x

x

66.2

68.5 (66.2–70.7)

10.2 (8.7–11.6)

99.4 (99.1–99.8)

 

x

x

x

 

x

x

61.3

63.4 (61.0–65.7)

8.9 (7.5–10.3)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

  

x

x

x

 

x

61.1

63.2 (60.8–65.5)

8.8 (7.5–10.2)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

x

  

x

x

 

x

60.9

62.9 (60.6–65.3)

8.8 (7.4–10.2)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

x

 

x

x

x

 

x

60.9

63.0 (60.6–65.3)

8.8 (7.4–10.2)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

 

x

 

x

x

 

x

60.6

62.7 (60.3–65.0)

8.7 (7.4–10.1)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

x

x

 

x

x

 

x

60.6

62.7 (60.3–65.0)

8.7 (7.4–10.1)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

 

x

x

x

x

 

x

60.5

62.5 (60.1–64.8)

8.7 (7.3–10.1)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

  

x

x

x

x

x

60.4

62.4 (60.1–64.8)

8.7 (7.3–10.0)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

x

x

x

x

x

 

x

60.4

62.4 (60.1–64.8)

8.7 (7.3–10.0)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

x

  

x

x

x

x

60.2

62.1 (59.8–64.5)

8.6 (7.3–10.0)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

x

 

x

x

x

x

x

60.2

62.1 (59.8–64.5)

8.6 (7.3–10.0)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

 

x

 

x

x

x

x

59.9

61.9 (59.5–64.2)

8.6 (7.2–9.9)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

x

x

 

x

x

x

x

59.8

61.8 (59.5–64.2)

8.6 (7.2–9.9)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

 

x

x

x

x

x

x

59.7

61.6 (59.3–64.0)

8.5 (7.2–9.9)

99.4 (99.0–99.8)

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

  1. Note: all these algorithms had 100% sensitivity to detect deep and organ space infections. Legend: *Algorithm E. Acronyms: ATB – antimicrobial therapy; LOS – length of hospital stay