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Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for: A. receipt of an antibiotic prescription; B. receipt of a non-antibiotic prescription; C. subsequent primary care visit; and D. subsequent primary care visit for bacterial infection

From: Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on antibiotic use in Canadian primary care: a matched-cohort study using EMR data

  

COVID-19: RTI

COVID-19: negative

  

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

Unadjusted OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

A. Receipt of an antibiotic prescription

30 days

0.09 (0.08, 0.10)

0.09 (0.07, 0.10)

0.44 (0.39, 0.49)

0.44 (0.39, 0.50)

60 days

0.11 (0.10, 0.12)

0.11 (0.10, 0.12)

0.52 (0.47, 0.58)

0.55 (0.49, 0.61)

90 days

0.13 (0.12, 0.14)

0.13 (0.12, 0.14)

0.58 (0.53, 0.64)

0.61 (0.55, 0.67)

180 days

0.16 (0.15, 0.17)

0.16 (0.15, 0.17)

0.63 (0.58, 0.69)

0.66 (0.60, 0.72)

B. Receipt of non- antibiotic prescription

30 days

0.44 (0.42, 0.47)

0.44 (0.42, 0.47)

0.25 (0.24, 0.27)

0.26 (0.24, 0.27)

60 days

0.51 (0.49, 0.54)

0.52 (0.49, 0.54)

0.35 (0.33, 0.36)

0.35 (0.34, 0.37)

90 days

0.54 (0.52, 0.57)

0.54 (0.52, 0.57

0.41 (0.40, 0.43)

0.42 (0.40, 0.44)

180 days

0.55 (0.53, 0.57)

0.55 (0.53, 0.58)

0.48 (0.46, 0.50)

0.48 (0.46, 0.51)

C. Subsequent visit

30 days

1.53 (1.45, 1.59)

1.59 (1.52, 1.67)

1.50 (1.44, 1.56)

1.52 (1.45, 1.58)

60 days

1.28 (1.23, 1.34)

1.32 (1.26, 1.39)

1.34 (1.29, 1.40)

1.35 (1.29, 1.41)

90 days

1.13 (1.08, 1.19)

1.17 (1.11, 1.22)

1.23 (1.18, 1.29)

1.24 (1.19, 1.30)

180 days

0.93 (0.88, 0.97)

0.96 (0.91, 1.01)

1.00 (0.95, 1.05)

0.99 (0.95, 1.04)

D. Subsequent visit with bacterial infection

30 days

0.07 (0.06, 0.07)

0.07 (0.06, 0.07)

0.90 (0.84, 0.99)

0.97 (0.89, 1.06)

60 days

0.08 (0.08, 0.09)

0.08 (0.07, 0.09)

1.00 (0.93, 1.08)

1.06 (0.98, 1.15)

90 days

0.09 (0.08, 0.10)

0.09 (0.08, 0.10)

1.04 (0.96, 1.11)

1.10 (1.01, 1.18)

180 days

0.11 (0.10, 0.11)

0.11 (0.10, 0.12)

1.07 (1.00, 1.14)

1.11 (1.04, 1.19)