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Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Gram-negative bacterial infections in surgical intensive care unit patients following abdominal surgery: high mortality associated with Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection

Variables

Total GNB (N = 442)

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

(n = 237)

Non-S. maltophilia GNB

(n = 205)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 81)

Pa

Pb

Mean age (SD) (years)

68 (14.8)

68.3 (15.2)

67.5 (14.4)

69.8 (13.7)

0.589

0.425

Age ≧ 65 years old, n (%)

290 (65.6)

157 (66.2)

133 (64.9)

58 (71.6)

0.763

0.374

Male, n (%)

270 (61.1)

153 (64.6)

117 (57.1)

55 (67.9)

0.108

0.585

BMI, mean (SD) (kg/m2)

23.6 (5.2)

23.3 (5.0)

23.9 (5.4)

23.7 (4.9)

0.221

0.517

Charlson score ≧ 3, n (%)

166 (37.6)

84 (35.4)

82 (40.0)

38 (46.9)

0.324

0.067

SOFA score, median (IQR)

5 (3–9)

6 (4–10)

5 (2–7)

4 (2–8)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Patient source from ED, n (%)

98 (22.2)

59 (24.9)

39 (19.0)

19 (23.5)

0.139

0.795

Hospital stay before admission to SICU, mean (SD) (days)

10.0 (16.8)

10.4 (18.1)

9.6 (15.3)

11.0 (16.5)

0.633

0.794

Emergency (non-elective) surgery, n (%)

221 (50.0)

135 (57.0)

86 (42.0)

30 (37.0)

0.002

0.002

ASA ≧ 3, n (%)

378 (85.5)

214 (90.3)

164 (80.0)

66 (81.5)

0.002

0.035

Surgical wound classification ≧ 3, n (%)

263 (59.5)

162 (68.4)

101 (49.3)

46 (56.8)

< 0.001

0.059

Surgical site

      

Digestive system, n (%)

330 (74.7)

174 (73.4)

156 (76.1)

65 (80.3)

0.518

0.220

Hepatobiliary system, n (%)

109 (24.7)

56 (23.6)

53 (25.9)

16 (19.8)

0.588

0.472

Abdominal wall, n (%)

82 (18.6)

48 (20.3)

34 (16.6)

15 (18.5)

0.323

0.735

Genitourinary (including kidney) system, n (%)

48 (10.9)

27 (11.4)

21 (10.2)

8 (9.9)

0.699

0.707

Duration of the aforementioned operation, mean (SD) (mins)

294.6 (201.2)

289.5 (192)

300.5 (211.6)

265.3 (127.8)

0.566

0.202

Repeat surgery within the same admission, n (%)

105 (23.8)

69 (29.1)

36 (17.6)

15 (18.5)

< 0.001

0.062

Polymicrobial infection, n (%)

186 (42.1)

126 (53.2)

60 (29.3)

35 (43.2)

< 0.001

0.122

Length of mechanical ventilationc, mean (SD) (days)

6.5 (4.3)

8.0 (4.4)

4.0 (2.8)

3.8 (2.4)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Received total parenteral nutritionc, n (%)

217 (49.1)

113 (47.7)

52 (25.4)

22 (27.2)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Hemodialysisc, n (%)

58 (13.1)

43 (18.1)

15 (7.3)

6 (7.4)

< 0.001

0.021

Received blood transfusionc, n (%)

368 (83.3)

212 (89.5)

156 (76.1)

62 (76.5)

< 0.001

0.004

Cathetersc

      

Central venous catheter, n (%)

337 (76.2)

187 (78.9)

150 (73.2)

61 (75.3)

0.158

0.500

Double lumen catheter, n (%)

32 (7.2)

27 (11.4)

5 (2.4)

2(2.5)

< 0.001

0.016

Urinary catheter, n (%)

386 (87.3)

209 (88.2)

177 (86.3)

69 (85.2)

0.561

0.4820

Surgical drainage catheter, n (%)

344 (77.8)

196 (82.7)

148 (72.2)

63 (77.8)

0.008

0.325

Antibiotics therapyc

      

Antipseudomonal penicillins, n (%)

89 (20.1)

67 (28.3)

22 (10.7)

7 (8.6)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Antipseudomonal cephalosporins, n (%)

42 (9.5)

33 (13.9)

9 (4.4)

2(2.5)

< 0.001

0.005

Carbapenems, n (%)

210 (47.5)

157 (66.2)

53 (25.9)

26 (32.1)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Fluoroquinolone, n (%)

40 (9.0)

32 (13.5)

8 (3.9)

0

< 0.001

< 0.001

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, n (%)

2(0.5)

1(0.4)

1(0.5)

0

1.000

0.558

Received chemotherapyc, n (%)

19 (4.3)

13 (5.5)

6 (2.9)

1(1.2)

0.186

0.089

Received immunosuppressantc, n (%)

5 (1.1)

4 (1.7)

1(0.5)

0

0.234

0.307

Received steroidc, d, n (%)

40 (9.0)

30 (12.7)

10 (4.9)

3 (3.7)

0.005

0.023

Laboratory datac

      

WBC > 10,000/uL, (n%)

213 (48.2)

116 (49.0)

97 (47.3)

35 (43.2)

0.733

0.372

Hemoglobin < 8 g/dL, n (%)

27 (6.1)

12 (5.1)

15 (7.3)

5 (6.5)

0.324

0.755

Platelet count < 150 × 1000/µL, n (%)

173 (39.1)

96 (40.5)

77 (37.6)

27 (33.3)

0.527

0.253

Albumin < 2.5 mg/dL, n (%)

128 (29.0)

76 (32.1)

52 (25.4)

22 (27.2)

0.121

0.409

ALT > 80 U/L, n (%)

52 (11.8)

28 (11.8)

24 (11.7)

6 (7.4)

0.972

0.268

Creatinine > 1.2 mg/dL, n (%)

162 (36.7)

84 (35.4)

78 (38.1)

33 (40.7)

0.571

0.393

Total bilirubine > 1.4 mg/dL, n (%)

158 (35.7)

99 (41.8)

59 (28.8)

18 (22.2)

0.005

0.002

  1. ALT, Alanine transaminase; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; ED, emergency department; GNB, gram-negative bacteria; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SICU, surgical intensive care unit
  2. aComparison between S. maltophilia and non-S. maltophilia GNB.
  3. bComparision between S. maltophilia and P. aeruginosa
  4. c14-day preceding the occurrence of GNB infection
  5. dReceived steroid dosage ≧ 10 mg/day prednisolone-equivalent and ≧ 7 days
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Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

ISSN: 2047-2994

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