Table 1 Primary findings – Influences on antibiotic use

Child’s symptoms^†

Nature of symptoms:

* Cough

* Fever

* Diarrhea

* Colds/respiratory illness

* Difficulty breathing

* Ear infections

* [33, 34, 36, 42, 44, 48, 49, 52]

* [32, 34, 39, 42,43,44, 54]

* [33, 35,36,37, 39, 50]

* [32, 35, 39, 40, 49, 52]

* [33, 48]

* [43]

* Vietnam, China, Cambodia, Nigeria, Tanzania¹

* Vietnam, Indonesia, China, Srpska, Cambodia, Bangladesh¹

* Vietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Guatemala¹

* Vietnam, Indonesia, Yemen, Nigeria, Tanzania¹

* Vietnam, Nigeria¹

* Srpska²

Severity of symptoms:

* Seriousness of illness/longer duration

* Combination of symptoms

* [31, 32, 37, 48]

* [33, 39]

* Vietnam, Bangladesh, Nigeria¹

* Vietnam, Indonesia¹

External advice and influences

Prescriber advice:

Advice of friends and family:

* [31, 32, 39,40,41,42,43, 49, 51]

* [40, 43, 49, 52, 54]

* Vietnam, Indonesia, Yemen, China, Srpska, Nigeria¹

* Yemen, Srpska, Nigeria, Tanzania, Bangladesh¹

Socio-demographic characteristics

Child age (conflicting findings):

* >2-3yrs of age associated with antibiotic use.

* Younger age associated with antibiotic use.

* [32, 42]

* [39, 48]

* Vietnam, China³

* Indonesia, Nigeria²

Parent-related determinants

(i.e., Parent/child distress caused by the pain of the injection contributed to parental hesitancy towards antibiotic use).

* [20]

* Australia³