Table 2 Publication year, ABHR format, study time period, country in which the study was performed, impact on hand hygiene compliance and healthcare outcome
Pub Date | First Author | ABHR Format | Time period | Country | Healthcare Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | Pittet [46] | liquid | 1993–1998 | Switzerland | Significant decrease in HAIs and MRSA transmission |
2004 | Won [51] | liquid | 1997–2001 | Taiwan | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2007 | Pessoa-Silva [52] | liquid | Mar 2001-Feb 2004 | Switzerland | Decrease in BSIs in NICU |
2008 | Nguyen [53] | liquid | Apr—Dec 2007 | Vietnam | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2009 | Souweine [54] | liquid | Apr 2003-Jan 2004 | France | Decrease in MRSA colonization/infection |
2010 | Cheng [55] | liquid | Jan 2002-Jun 2009 | Hong Kong | Significant decrease in MRSA infections, including MRSA BSIs |
2011 | Chen [56] | liquid | Jan 1999-Dec 2007 | Taiwan | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2011 | Barrera [57] | liquid | Feb-Jun 2002 | Columbia | Significant decrease in CLABSIs, not other HAIs |
2012 | Monistrol [58] | liquid | Feb 2007-Jan 2008 | Spain | Decrease in MRSA acquisition; no change in HAIs |
2012 | Ho [59]a | liquid | Nov 2009-Jul 2010 | Hong Kong | Significant decrease in respiratory and MRSA infections |
2012 | Ling [60] | liquid | Jan 2007-Dec 2010 | Singapore | Decrease (borderline) in HA-MRSA infections |
2012 | Lee [61] | liquid | Jan 2004-Dec 2010 | Taiwan | Significant decrease in HA-MRSA infections |
2015 | Thi Anh Thu [62] | liquid | Jun 2009-Apr 2011 | Vietnam | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2015 | Sadeghi-Moghaddam [63] | liquid | Apr 2010-Mar 2014 | Iran | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2016 | Cheng [64] | liquid | Jul 2011-Oct 2015 | Hong Kong | Significant decrease in VRE transmission |
2017 | Saito [65] | liquid | Oct 2014-Apr 2015 | Uganda | Significant decrease in HAIs/SIRs in pediatric & surgical dept |
2018 | Allegranzi [66] | liquid | Jul 2013-Dec 2015 | African countries | Significant decrease in surgical site infections |
2018 | Grayson [67] | liquid | 2009–2017 | Australia | Significant decrease in healthcare-associated S. aureus bacteremia |
2019 | von Lengerke [68]a | liquid | 2013–2015 | Germany | Significant decrease in MDROs |
2019 | Hagel [69] | liquid | Sep 2011-Aug 2012 May 2013-Aug 2014 | Germany | No change in overall HAIs; Significant decrease in severe ICU HAIs |
2020 | Aghdassi [70]a | liquid | Dec 2017-Dec 2018 | Germany | Significant decrease in device-related BSIs |
2020 | Phan [71] | liquid | 2010–2018 | Vietnam | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2021 | Knudsen [72] | liquid | Feb 2020-Jan 2021 | Denmark | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2021 | Lo [73] | liquid | 2018-May 2020 | Taiwan | Significant decrease in CRAB and VRE infections |
2022 | Fukushige [74] | liquid | 2018–2020 | Taiwan | Significant decrease in overall HAIs; not in MRSA or VRE HAIs |
2022 | Gonzalez-Gonzalez [75] | liquid | 2009–2019 | Mexico | Significant decrease in CLABSIs |
2023 | Rosenfeldt Knudsen [76] | liquid | Feb 2020-Jun 2022 | Denmark | Significant decrease in HABSIs; no significant change in CAUTIs |
2002 | Fendler [77] | gel | Jul 1997-May 2000 | USA | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2003 | Hilburn [78] | gel | Feb 2000-May2001 | USA | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2004 | MacDonald [79] | gel | Mar 2000-Nov 2000 | Scotland | Significant decrease in MRSA acquisition |
2007 | Murthy [80] | gel | 1999–2003 | USA | Significant decrease in nosocomial MRSA BSIs |
2007 | Harrington [81] | gel | Jan 2003-May 2007 | Australia | Significant decrease in MRSA BSI |
2008 | Rupp [3] | gel | Aug 2001-Sep 2003 | USA | No change in device-related infections/MDROs/CDI |
2009 | Al-Naami [82] | gel | Oct 2007-Juh 2008 | Saudi Arabia | Decrease in surgical site infections |
2010 | Carboneau [83] | gel | Mar 2006-Feb 2007 | USA | Non-significant decrease in nosocomial MRSA infections |
2011 | Yeung [84]a | gel | Jan 2007 -Oct 2007 | Hong Kong | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2011 | Marra [85] | gel | Jul 2008-Dec 2009 | Brazil | Significant decrease in device-related HAIs |
2011 | Garcia–Vazquez [86] | gel | Not stated | Spain | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2012 | Kirkland [87] | gel | Jan 2006-Nov 2009 | USA | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2012 | Mestre [88] | gel | Mar 2007-Dec 2011 | Spain | Significant decrease in healthcare-acquired MRSA |
2013 | Talbot [89] | gel | Jan 2007-Aug 2012 | USA | Significant decrease in device-related infections |
2013 | Salama [90] | gel | Feb 2011 – Aug 2011 | Kuwait | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2013 | Iacobelli [91] | gel | Jan 2007-Dec 2009 | France | Significant decrease in MRSA infections and colonization |
2014 | Johnson [92] | gel | Apr 2006—Sep 2012 | USA | Significant decrease in CLABSIs |
2015 | Fox [93] | gel | Dec 2009-Feb 2012 | USA | Decrease in CLABSIs and CAUTIs |
2015 | Chun [94] | gel | Oct 2008-Jan 2009 | South Korea | Significant decrease in MRSA acquisition and colonization pressure |
2016 | Shabot [95] | gel | Oct 2010-Dec 2014 | USA | Significant decrease in ICU CLABSI and VAP |
2018 | Ragusa [96] | gel | 2015–2016 | Italy | Increase in CDI |
2018 | Al-Tawfiq [97] | gel | 2014-Sep 2015 | Saudi Arabia | Decreases in CDI, CLABSIs and CAUTIs |
2018 | De la Rosa-Zamboni [98] | gel | Jan 2013—Aug 2013 | Mexico | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2018 | Lenz [99] | gel | Jun 2011-Apr 2012 | Argentina | Significant decrease in CABSIs |
2020 | Ojanpera [100] | gel | 2013–2018 | Finland | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2021 | Banks [101] | gel | Jun 2017-Jul 2019 | USA | Significant decrease in CDI |
2021 | Akkoc [102] | gel | Apr 2016—Aug 2016 | Turkey | Significant decrease in HAIs, with non-significant decrease in device-related infections |
2023 | Ragonese [103] | gel | Nov 2017-Dec 2020 | Italy | Significant decrease in HA-CRE colonization rate |
2004 | Swoboda [104] | foam | Jul 2000-Oct 2001 | USA | Significant decrease in MRSA or VRE infection/colonization; non-significant decrease in overall HAIs |
2010 | Helms [105] | foam + gel | Aug 2007-Jun 2008 | USA | Non-significant decrease in HAIs |
2010 | Knight [106] | foam | Jan 2001-Jun 2008 | USA | Significant decrease in HO-CDI |
2013 | Raschka [107] | gel—> foam | 2007–2011 | Canada | Non-significant decrease in selected HAIs |
2013 | Schweon [108] | foam | May 2009-Feb 2011 | USA | Significant decrease in lower respiratory infections; Decrease in skin & soft tissue infections |
2016 | Sickbert-Bennett [109] | foam | Oct 2013-Feb 2015 | USA | Significant decrease in HAIs |
2016 | Kelly [110] | foam | Jul 2012-Mar 2015 | USA | Significant decrease in MRSA infections |
2018 | McCalla [111] | foam | Jan 2014-Sep 2017 | USA | Significant decrease in CLABSIs and CAUTIs |
2019 | Boyce [112] | foam | Jun 2014-Jun 2018 | USA | Decrease in non-CDI; increase in CDI |
2020 | Leis [113]a | foam | Jun 2017-Dec 2018 | Canada | Non-significant decrease in MRSA colonization/infection; not HA-BSIs or CDI |
2020 | Knepper [114] | foam | July 2016-Dec 2017 | USA | Significant decrease in CDI. No change in other HAIs |
2023 | Barrett [115] | foam | Feb 2018-Sep 2021 | USA | Significant decrease in MRSA infections |