Table2 Sampling characteristics of the included studies
Study | Studied population | Site(s) of infection | Sample type | Source of sample | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blood | Urine | Sputum | Others (specify) | ||||
[20] | – | – | Archived isolates | Y | Y | Y | Bronchoscopic aspirates, wound tissue, swab, pus, poc, fluid, slough and bone |
[13] | patients with HA Infections | – | Fresh clinical specimens | Y | Y | Y | Pus/exudate |
[8] | Children | Respiratory, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular & blood | Fresh clinical specimens | Y | N | N | Tracheal fluid, Nasopharynx |
[3] | Patients attending University of Malaya medical centre | – | Archived isolates | – | – | – | – |
[39] | Patients with KP visceral organ abscesses | Liver, intestinal, urinary tract | Fresh clinical specimens | Y | N | N | Abscess aspirate |
[38] | UTI Patients | Urinary tract | clinical isolates | – | – | – | – |
[37] | Children/Adolescents | Intestinal | Fresh clinical specimens | N | N | N | Faecal samples |
[27] | – | – | Clinical isolates | Y | N | N | – |
[29] | ICU patients/HCWs | Rectal & throat | Fresh clinical specimens | Y | Y | N | Lower respiratory tract, tissue & wound |
[4] | Adult patients with HCAI | Urinary tract & bloodstream | Archived isolates | – | – | – | – |
[36] | – | – | Clinical isolates | – | – | – | – |
[16] | Preterm infants | Respiratory | Fresh clinical specimens | N | N | N | Tracheal secretions, stool |
[5] | Patients with respiratory infections | Respiratory | Clinical isolates | N | N | Y | – |
[35] | In-and out-patients attending teaching hospital in the Philippines | – | Clinical isolates | Y | Y | Y | Wound |
[15] | Patients attending Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok | – | Clinical isolates | Y | Y | Y | – |
[22] | Inpatients attending Hospital Parkar Sultannah Fatimah | – | Clinical isolates | – | – | – | – |
[31] | Patients who suffered from bloodstream infection | Bloodstream | Fresh clinical specimens | Y | N | N | – |
[17] | Patients attending five different hospitals located in peninsula Malaysia | – | Fresh clinical specimens | Y | Y | Y | Tracheal aspirates, catheter tips, pus and swab samples |
[30] | – | – | Fresh clinical specimens | Y | Y | Y | Wound, Stool and CSF specimens |
[14] | Adults with ESBL-EC or ESBL-KP infection | – | Fresh clinical specimens | Y | Y | N | Ascitic fluid, Tracheal aspirate |
[18] | – | – | Archived isolates | Y | Y | Y | Tissue, Swab, Drainage fluid and Tracheal secretions |