Table 3 Joinpoint regression analysis of incidence density of antibiotic resistant organisms (isolates per 1,000 inpatient days) across five public acute-care hospitals, first half of 2011, second half of 2020
Antibiotic resistant organism | No of isolates//1,000 inpatient-days | Total study period (H1 2011–H2 2020) | Trend 1 | Trend 2 | Trend 3 | Trend 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 of 2011 | H2 of 2020 | AHPC (%) (95% CI) | Half-years | HPC (%) (95% CI) | Half-years | HPC (%) (95% CI) | Half-years | HPC (%) (95% CI) | Half-years | HPC (%) (95% CI) | |
All | 12.5 | 11.0 | -0.7 (-1.6, 0.2) | H1 2011– H1 2012 | 6.0 (-2.7, 15.4) | H1 2012– H2 2014 | -2.7** (-4.5,-0.9) | H2 2014– H2 2020 | -1.0*** (-1.3, -0.7) | ||
E. coli resistant to: | |||||||||||
ceftriaxone | 2.0 | 2.1 | 0.2 (-1.2, 1.7) | H1 2011– H1 2012 | 8.0 (-1.0, 17.7) | H1 2012– H1 2015 | -0.3 (-1.7, 1.0) | H1 2015– H2 2016 | 3.9 (-4.4, 12.8) | H2 2016– H2 2020 | -2.5*** (-3.1, -1.8) |
ciprofloxacin | 3.3 | 4.2 | 0.7*** (0.3, 0.1) | ||||||||
imipenem or meropenem | 0.02 | 0.04 | 3.9*** (2.8, 4.9) | ||||||||
K. pneumoniae resistant to: | |||||||||||
ceftriaxone | 1.5 | 1.1 | -1.7 (-3.7, 0.3) | H1 2011– H1 2012 | 4.4 (-11.9, 23.7) | H1 2012– H2 2015 | -4.6** (-7.2, -1.9) | H2 2015– H2 2017 | 1.6 (-2.5, 5.8) | H2 2017– H2 2020 | -3.3** (-5.3, -1.3) |
ciprofloxacin | 1.7 | 1.5 | -0.3 (-2.1, 1.6) | H1 2011– H1 2012 | 5.9 (-9.0, 23.3) | H1 2012– H2 2014 | -5.4** (-8.9, -1.9) | H2 2014– H2 2018 | -1.3 (-2.7, 0.1) | H2 2018–H2 2020 | 5.5* (1.6, 9.5) |
imipenem or meropenem | 0.04 | 0.1 | 3.1* (0.5, 5.7) | H1 2011– H1 2017 | 7.5*** (4.7, 10.3) | H1 2017– H2 2020 | -4.0 (-9.7, 2.0) | ||||
P. aeruginosa resistant to imipenem or meropenem | 0.4 | 0.3 | -0.6 (-2.5, 1.2) | H1 2011– H1 2013 | 5.7 (-3.1, 15.3) | H1 2013– H2 2020 | -2.3*** (-3.3, -1.2) | ||||
A. baumannii resistant to: | |||||||||||
imipenem or meropenem | 0.6 | 0.1 | -9.9*** (-12.6, -7.2) | H1 2011– H2 2012 | 8.4 (-10.6, 31.4) | H2 2012– H2 2020 | -13.0*** (-14.1, -12.0) | ||||
multiple drugs1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | -10.1*** (-13.1, -7.0) | H1 2011– H2 2012 | 13.8 (-8.5, 41.7) | H2 2012– H2 2020 | -14*** (-15.4, -12.6) | ||||
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | 1.9 | 0.9 | -3.7*** (-3.8, -3.5) | ||||||||
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci | 0.1 | 0.2 | 3.6 (-7.8, 16.6) | H1 2011– H1 2012 | 56.7 (-10.4, 173.9) | H1 2012– H2 2013 | -20.9 (-54.0, 36.0) | H2 2013– H1 2015 | 22.4 (-28.8, 110.6) | H1 2015– H2 2020 | -1.1 (-3.7, 1.6) |
C. difficile | 0.5 | 0.5 | -1.3*** (-1.9, -0.8) | H1 2011– H1 2015 | 3.9*** (2.6, 5.2) | H1 2015– H2 2020 | -4.9*** (-5.6, -4.2) | ||||
All except for methicillin-resistant S. aureus | 10.6 | 10.1 | -0.3 (-1.4, 0.7) | H1 2011– H1 2012 | 7.7 (-2.2, 18.6) | H1 2012– H2 2014 | -2.6* (-4.5, -0.5) | H2 2014– H2 2020 | -0.7*** (-1.0, -0.3) | ||