The potential for the double risk of rabies and antimicrobial resistance in a high rabies endemic setting: detection of antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from infected dog bite wounds in Uganda

Kisaka, Stevens; Makumbi, Fredrick E.; Majalija, Samuel; Muwanga, Moses; Thumbi, S. M.

doi:10.1186/s13756-022-01181-0

Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control

Table 5 Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-positive bacterial isolates from wound swab cultures among dog bite patients reporting to two DBW care centers in Uganda in the period April 2019–October 2019

From: The potential for the double risk of rabies and antimicrobial resistance in a high rabies endemic setting: detection of antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from infected dog bite wounds in Uganda

Bacterial isolates	Number of isolates that are resistant to antimicrobial agent, n (%)
Bacterial isolates	CRO	ME	CN	AML	SXT	VA	CIP	IPM	S	DOX	OX	C	MET
Staphylococcus
S. aureus (n = 103)	0 (0.0)	103 (100)	0 (0.0)	19 (18.5)	9 (8.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	14 (13.6)	94 (91.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
S. intermedius (n = 30)	0 (0.0)	30 (100)	0 (0.0)	12 (40.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	28 (93.3)	15 (50.0)	0 (0.0)
CONS (n = 68)	7 (10.3)	66 (97.1)	0 (0.0)	21 (30.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	8 (11.8)	61 (89.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Streptococuss
S. canis (n = 18)	6 (33.3)	18 (100)	2 (11.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	8 (44.4)	18 (100)	4 (22.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
S. pyogenes (n = 29)	12 (41.4)	21 (72.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (10.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	8 (27.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Other Streptococci (n = 12)	3 (25.0)	8 (66.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (16.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Bacillus spp (n = 11)	4 (36.4)	11 (100)	3 (27.3)	1 ((9.1)	4 (36.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (27.3)	2 (18.1)	0 (0.0)
Enterococcus
E. feacalis (n = 19)	11 (58.9)	19 (100)	5 (26.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	4 (21.1)	3 (15.8)	0 (0.0)	9 (47.4)	7 (36.8)	12 (63.2)
E. faecium (n = 2)	1 (50.0)	2 (100)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Other Enterococci (n = 6)	0 (0.0)	6 (100)	1 (16.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (16.7)	0 (0.0)	2 (33.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Micrococcus spp (n = 8)	0 (0.0)	8 (100)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Corynebacterium spp (n = 33)	0 (0.0)	33 (100)	9 (27.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	12 (36.4)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Gemella morbillorum (n = 21)	0 (0.0)	21 (100)	1 (4.8)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (9.5)	0 (0.0)	18 (85.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Lactobacillus spp (n = 31)	8 (25.8)	26 (83.9)	5 (16.1)	4 (12.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	8 (25.8)	7 (22.6)	6 (19.4)	26 (100)	8 (25.8)	0 (0.0)
Lactococcus spp (n = 15)	8 (53.3)	8 (53.3)	3 (20.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (20.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	4 (26.7)	10 (66.7)	4 (26.7)	2 (13.3)
Total isolates N = 406	60 (14.8)	380 (93.6)	29 (7.1)	57 (14.0)	16 (3.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	15 (3.7)	21 (5.2)	51 (12.6)	278 (68.5)	36 (8.9)	14 (3.5)

CRO ceftriaxone; ME metronidazole; CN gentamycin; AML amoxicillin / clavulanic acid; SXT trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole; VA vancomycin; CIP ciprofloxacin; IPM imipenem; S streptomycin; DOX doxycycline; OX oxacillin; C chloramphenicol; MET methicillin
The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the Gram-positive bacterial isolates. Among the gram positive isolates, the most frequent, S. aureus, exhibited high resistance to metronidazole (103, 100%) and oxacillin (94, 91.3%) while the resistance to amoxicillin, doxycycline and trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole was considerably lower at 19 (18.5%), 14 (13.6%) and 9 (8.7%), respectively

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